NanosTech
AQP Bio · Technology Brief
Proprietary
Rev. 2026

AquaProcessing Technology
for Renewable Oils.
Water-tolerant. Deployable at source.

AQP Bio upgrades pyrolysis oils, HTL bio-oils, and waste-derived feedstocks into stable, refinery-ready intermediates. The Olympia Series catalyst operates in a hydrotreating environment supplied by on-site hydrogen. No external hydrogen infrastructure. No dewatering step.

1,896
Hours continuous operation
4
Feedstock classes validated
0.0
TAN in output (all feeds)
>95%
Oxygen removal achieved
01 Technology Overview

AQP Bio is a catalytic upgrading system purpose-built for oxygen-rich, water-laden bio-oils that conventional sulfide catalysts cannot process at scale. It applies NanosTech's Olympia Series catalyst in a fixed-bed hydrotreating environment, performing deep deoxygenation, hydrodesulfurization, and TAN elimination in a single pass. On-site hydrogen is supplied through a low-energy process-gas reforming step, eliminating the need for external hydrogen supply or large infrastructure.

The result is a stable, refinery-miscible intermediate compatible with conventional hydrotreaters, enabling production of renewable diesel, sustainable aviation fuel, and marine fuels from feedstocks previously considered too difficult to process commercially.

02 The Olympia Series Catalyst

AQP Bio runs on the Olympia Series catalyst, a proprietary nano-engineered transition metal carbide formulation developed by NanosTech and independently validated in Science (2024). It is inherently sulfur-free, requires no sulfiding activation, and maintains stability under high-water, high-oxygen conditions where conventional sulfide catalysts deactivate within 48 hours. Industrial-scale batches are in production at NanosTech's Calgary facility.

Catalyst property Specification
Type Fixed-bed, hydrotreating
Active phase Transition metal carbide
Sulfiding required No
Water tolerance Up to 50% water in feed
TAN elimination Yes (output TAN = 0.0)
Validated runtime 1,896 continuous hours
Production status Industrial scale, Calgary AB
Accepted feedstocks Suitability
Fast pyrolysis oils (forestry, biomass) Primary
HTL bio-oils (dairy, algae, municipal) Primary
Waste tire oil Primary
BTG aqueous sugar syrup Validated
High-oxygen bio-crudes (>40% O) Primary
Mixed waste-derived oils Compatible
03 Process Architecture
STEP 01
Feed intake
Bio-oil feed enters as-is. No dewatering, no pre-drying. Water content up to 50% is processed directly in the reactor.
STEP 02
Hydrogen supply
Process gases from the reactor are reformed on-site at low energy into hydrogen, supplying the hydrotreating step without external hydrogen or SMR infrastructure.
STEP 03
Catalytic upgrading
The Olympia Series catalyst performs hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodesulfurization, and deacidification simultaneously. TAN drops to zero. Oxygen content reduced by over 95%.
STEP 04
Upgraded output
Product is a stable, oxygen-free, refinery-miscible intermediate ready for blending, hydrotreating, or direct use as renewable diesel or SAF precursor.
04 Deployment Model
Location
At source or refinery gate
Co-located with the bio-oil producer or integrated at the refinery inlet. No pipeline or hydrogen supply chain required.
Scale
Modular, any volume
Designed to match pyrolysis or HTL output volumes. Capacity added by parallel train installation.
Catalyst status
Commercially available
Industrial-scale Olympia Series catalyst is in production at NanosTech's Calgary facility and available for commercial deployment.
NanosTech
AQP Bio Technology Brief · Feedstock Performance Data
Rev. 2026
02 / 03
05 Validated Feedstocks: Before and After AQP Bio

AQP Bio has been validated across four distinct bio-oil feedstock classes, accumulating over 1,896 continuous operating hours. The results below are from laboratory and pilot-scale testing. Each feedstock represents a class that conventional sulfide-based catalysts cannot process at commercial scale due to rapid deactivation from water and oxygen exposure.

Forestry Pyrolysis Oil (BTG)
1,896 hrs on stream
Parameter Feed Product
TAN (mg KOH/g) 84 0
Oxygen (wt%) 51% 2.7%
Water content (wt%) 25% 0%
Density (g/ml) 1.30 0.95
Longest continuous renewable upgrading run reported in published literature for this feedstock class. Stable pressure and temperature profiles throughout.
Dairy Waste HTL Bio-Oil
144 hrs on stream
Parameter Feed Product
TAN (mg KOH/g) 0.55 0
Nitrogen (wt%) 7.74% 2.03%
Viscosity (cSt) 52.7 10.12
Density (g/ml) 1.001 0.941
MCR (wt%) 4.44% 0.6%
Sulfur (ppm) 9,734 1,778
Waste Tire Oil
480 hrs on stream
Parameter Feed Product
Sulfur removal High sulfur, high nitrogen >80% removal
TAN Elevated 0
Stability Difficult feedstock Stable, refinery-ready
High sulfur and nitrogen content validated without special handling or catalyst pre-treatment.
High-Moisture Biomass Oil (HTL)
1,000+ hrs on stream
Parameter Feed Product
Water content (wt%) 25% 0%
Oxygen (wt%) 51% 2.7%
TAN (mg KOH/g) Elevated 0
Primary output Unusable bio-oil 65% diesel-range yield
25% water and 51% oxygen. A feedstock that kills conventional sulfide catalysts on contact. AQP Bio processed it stably for over 1,000 hours.
06 Why Conventional Catalysts Fail on Bio-Oils
Parameter Sulfide catalysts AQP Bio (Olympia Series) Why it matters
Water tolerance Deactivates 40–60% faster in water-rich feeds Processes up to 50% water without deactivation Bio-oils from pyrolysis and HTL carry 15–50% water by weight
Sulfiding requirement Requires constant sulfiding; degrades in non-sulfur feeds No sulfiding required at any stage Eliminates H₂S emissions and amine plant requirements
Oxygen handling Rapid deactivation above 15% oxygen Validated to 51% oxygen feed, output below 3% Pyrolysis oils routinely carry 40–55% oxygen
Continuous runtime Deactivates within 48 hours on high-moisture feeds 1,896 hours validated on forestry pyrolysis oil Commercial viability requires sustained multi-week runs
External hydrogen Requires SMR or pipeline hydrogen supply On-site generation from process gas, no SMR Eliminates the largest infrastructure barrier to deployment at source
Dewatering step Required before processing Not required. Feed taken as-is. Dewatering destroys biogenic carbon. AQP Bio converts all of it.

Deactivation data for sulfide catalysts is from published literature. AQP Bio runtime data is from NanosTech laboratory and pilot testing. Full data available on request.

NanosTech
AQP Bio Technology Brief · Markets and Commercial
Rev. 2026
03 / 03
07 Output Product Slate

AQP Bio converts waste-derived bio-oils into three commercially valuable output streams. The product slate depends on feedstock composition and operating conditions. The values below are representative of a forestry pyrolysis oil or HTL bio-oil feed.

Output product Specification Market pathway Value driver
Renewable diesel Low oxygen, low TAN, refinery-miscible Road transport, export blending Highest volume product
Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) precursor Deoxygenated, stable, low acidity SAF pathway via refinery hydrotreater Premium price product
Marine fuel intermediate Low sulfur, low TAN Bunker fuel blending Low-carbon marine market
Upgraded naphtha fraction Light end, deoxygenated Blendstock or further refining Carbon recovery from waste
08 Market Context: Unlocking Gen-2 Renewable Oils

The renewable fuels sector has been constrained by a single barrier: pyrolysis oils and HTL bio-oils cannot be processed in conventional refineries. Their high oxygen content, water loading, chemical instability, and tendency to poison catalysts have blocked commercial access to refining markets. AQP Bio removes that barrier.

Market pathway
Renewable Diesel
Growing mandatory blending targets across North America and Europe are driving demand for drop-in renewable diesel. AQP Bio delivers a refinery-ready intermediate that integrates directly into existing fuel infrastructure.
Market pathway
SAF
Sustainable aviation fuel faces a feedstock bottleneck. AQP Bio opens non-crop bio-oil pathways to SAF production, processing pyrolysis and HTL oils that no other catalyst system can handle continuously at commercial scale.
Market pathway
Circular Fuels
Waste tires, forestry residues, dairy waste, and municipal biomass can all be converted to refinery-ready intermediates through AQP Bio. Material that would otherwise be landfilled or incinerated becomes fuel-grade product.
09 BTG Bioliquids Commercial Partnership
BTG Bioliquids x NanosTech: an end-to-end advanced biofuels solution
BTG Bioliquids is the world's leading provider of fast pyrolysis technology. Paired with AQP Bio, the combined platform offers biomass-to-refinery integrators a single contractual path from feedstock to refinery-miscible fuel. BTG produces the pyrolysis oil. AQP Bio upgrades it. The refinery takes the rest.
Feedstock
Forestry residues
Waste biomass and agricultural residues. Non-crop, non-food supply chains.
Process
Fast pyrolysis + AQP Bio
BTG converts biomass to pyrolysis oil. AQP Bio upgrades the oil to a refinery-ready intermediate at source.
Output
Refinery-ready oil
Stable, deoxygenated, refinery-miscible. Compatible with conventional hydrotreaters for renewable diesel and SAF.
10 Green Chemistry Credentials
Attribute Detail
Non-sulfided catalyst system Eliminates sulfiding agents and H₂S formation throughout the process. No amine plant, no sulfur recovery unit.
No external hydrogen supply Hydrogen is generated on-site from process gas at low energy cost. No dependence on steam methane reforming or hydrogen trucking.
No dewatering step Feed is taken as-is. Eliminating dewatering preserves biogenic carbon and reduces energy consumption and capital requirements.
Non-crop feedstocks only All validated feedstocks are waste-derived or residue-based. No food supply chain impact.
Single-reactor upgrading Hydrodeoxygenation, desulfurization, and deacidification in one pass. Minimal waste streams. Maximum carbon yield.
Published science Underlying catalyst chemistry independently validated in Science, 2024. Over 1,896 continuous operating hours of pilot data supporting commercial readiness.

AQP Bio is part of NanosTech's AQP Suite, a unified catalyst platform for both fossil and renewable fuel upgrading. For the fossil fuel pathway, see the AQP Classic Technology Brief.