Responsible Oil Processing

Heavy crude into higher-value product.

AQP is a single-reactor catalytic process for heavy oils, bitumen, and vacuum residues. It generates its own hydrogen, runs without external supply, and eliminates the amine plants and sulfur recovery units that conventional hydrotreating requires.

AQP: Process Overview
Feedstock
Heavy oil, bitumen,
vacuum residues
AQP
Single reactor,
self-gen hydrogen
Output
Higher API, lower sulfur,
pipeline-ready
No external H₂ 90% lower H₂S emissions TAN eliminated Single reactor
The challenge

Heavy crude doesn't fail on volume. It fails on processing cost.

The reserves are there. The problem is what it costs to turn heavy oil into something a refinery or pipeline will accept.

External hydrogen makes every barrel expensive Steam methane reforming generates the hydrogen conventional hydrotreating needs. It adds cost, emits CO₂, and creates a permanent dependency on gas prices that you can't engineer out.
Conventional catalysts add infrastructure costs before you process a barrel Sulfide-based catalysts require extensive activation and downstream gas treatment equipment. That overhead adds 15 to 20% to total refinery CAPEX and compounds operating costs on every barrel.
High viscosity and low API cap your product mix Heavy fractions with poor flow properties limit what you can sell and where you can send it. Upgrading is possible, but not with a process that costs more to run than the margin it unlocks.
AQP vs conventional hydrotreating
2.5×
Higher capital cost for HDT at equivalent throughput, assuming hydrogen must be produced on-site
50×
More expensive: the cost of hydrogen in HDT versus AQP's steam, which is condensed and fully reused
3×
Higher throughput per reactor volume compared to conventional HDT, reducing capital cost and deployment footprint
How it works

One reactor. Hydrogen it makes itself.

AQP is a fixed-bed hydro-processing system powered by the Triton catalyst, a proprietary formulation that generates the hydrogen it needs to operate. It handles hydrogenation, desulfurization, and deacidification in a single pass across a wide range of heavy petroleum feedstocks.

01

Self-generating hydrogen

The AQP catalyst splits water molecules inside the reactor, generating reactive hydrogen directly from steam. No reformer, no external supply, no natural gas dependency. All steam is condensed and reused.

H₂ cost: 50x lower than external supply
02

Single reactor, three functions

Hydrogenation, desulfurization, and deacidification happen in one vessel. Compared to conventional hydrotreating, AQP requires significantly less downstream gas treatment infrastructure, cutting 15 to 20% from total refinery CAPEX.

15 to 20% lower CAPEX vs conventional HDT
03

Runs on the hardest feeds

High-sulfur crudes above 4.5% sulfur, vacuum residues, oil bottoms, bitumen. AQP processes them without additional sulfur removal units and without deactivating. Most catalysts don't last long in these conditions. Ours does.

Stable on high-sulfur crudes (>4.5% S)
Proven results

What AQP does to heavy fossil feedstocks.

Measured results across heavy crude, bitumen, vacuum residues, and vacuum gas oil. The same catalyst handles all of them in a single reactor pass.

Primary fossil feedstock

Heavy Oil, Bitumen and Vacuum Residues

AQP reduces viscosity by up to 33%, transforming the flow properties of heavy crude and bitumen before it reaches the pipeline or refinery. API gravity climbs up to 20 degrees. Total acid number is eliminated. The output is a significantly lighter, more mobile product that meets pipeline specs with far less diluent.

+20°
API gravity
Up to 33%
Viscosity reduction
0
TAN (total acid number)
High-sulfur crude

Crudes Above 4.5% Sulfur

AQP processes high-sulfur crudes without additional sulfur removal units. It reduces sulfur in the remaining bottom fractions to meet Low Sulfur Marine Gas Oil specifications, opening export and bunker fuel markets that were previously out of reach. H₂S emissions are cut by up to 90%.

Up to 99%
Sulfur reduction
90%
H₂S emissions cut
LSMGO
Compliant bottoms
Refinery bottoms

Tower Bottoms and Residuals

AQP converts tower bottoms into 40% more high-value distillates compared to conventional processing. Long-chain paraffins are reduced, preventing wax deposition and improving flow through the whole crude fraction. What was low-value residual becomes a source of incremental revenue.

+40%
High-value distillate yield
Less wax
Flow property improvement
Distillate feedstock

Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO)

AQP deacidifies VGO and prepares it for fluid catalytic cracking, enabling the production of high-quality diesel and gasoline. Total acid number is eliminated. The treated VGO feeds directly into FCC without additional conditioning steps.

0
TAN in output
FCC-ready
No additional conditioning
Economics in practice

What AQP does to a refinery's netback

A processing facility had 50% of its output trapped in low-value condensate and heavy fractions. AQP shifted the product mix toward higher-value distillates and eliminated the condensate drag. No new capital. Same infrastructure.

Net revenue per barrel
$10.78
$15.87
47% higher netback from the same input barrel
Diesel yield
25.5%
36%
More of the barrel ends up in the highest-value product stream
Low-value condensate
49.9%
0%
The drag on netback is converted into sellable product

Based on a 4,000 to 4,700 bbl/day processing facility. Results will vary by feedstock quality and operating conditions.

The catalyst behind it

The Triton catalyst. Built to generate its own hydrogen.

AQP runs on the Triton catalyst family, a proprietary self-generating hydrogen formulation developed by NanosTech. Triton produces the hydrogen needed to sustain operations directly inside the reactor, removing the dependency on external hydrogen supply that makes conventional hydrotreating expensive.

Designed for mild operating conditions, Triton handles a wide range of heavy petroleum feedstocks including high-sulfur crudes, vacuum residues, and bitumen. It processes at significantly higher throughput than conventional HDT catalysts and reduces overall process complexity by roughly a third compared to traditional hydrocracking.

Read the tech brief
Proprietary self-generating hydrogen catalyst.
The Triton family is NanosTech's fixed-bed hydro-processing catalyst for heavy petroleum feeds. It generates the hydrogen it needs to operate, runs at mild conditions, and is in industrial-scale production at NanosTech's Calgary facility.
Get the technology brief
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Get the full technology brief

The AQP technology brief covers catalyst design, fossil fuel processing data, economics versus conventional hydrotreating, and deployment options.

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Have a specific feedstock or process configuration in mind?

Whether you're looking at heavy crude, vacuum residues, or high-sulfur feeds, and whether you're scoping a pilot or evaluating full deployment, we'd like to understand your process.